The basic form of my question is: What is the relation between evolution and emotions?
Emotions, like every other aspect of human nature, are determined by the process of natural selection. However, like many other aspects, they are not always purely practical. Emotions can have other effects than those which caused them to be selected into human nature, and I think it is often these effects which can help in the development of a moral code. For example, the evolutionary use of empathy might be to promote group ties which contribute to the overall well-being of a species. However, empathy can also extend to those not in one's immediate group, and perhaps even those not of one's own species. This could lead to a general 'golden rule' type morality, which later on might develop into a more complex code of ethics, promoting tolerance and kindness to others, support of equality, or even vegetarianism.
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